Background: Ketosis is an important problem for dairy cows production performance. However, it is still little\r\nknown about plasma metabolomics details of dairy ketosis.\r\nResults: A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique was used to investigate plasma metabolic\r\ndifferences in cows that had clinical ketosis (CK, n=22), subclinical ketosis (SK, n=32), or were clinically normal\r\ncontrols (NC, n=22). The endogenous plasma metabolome was measured by chemical derivatization followed by\r\nGC/MS, which led to the detection of 267 variables. A two-sample t-test of 30, 32, and 13 metabolites showed\r\nstatistically significant differences between SK and NC, CK and NC, and CK and SK, respectively. Orthogonal signal\r\ncorrection-partial least-square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that the metabolic patterns of both CK and\r\nSK were mostly similar, with the exception of a few differences. The development of CK and SK involved\r\ndisturbances in many metabolic pathways, mainly including fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism,\r\nglycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. A diagnostic model arbitrary two groups was\r\nconstructed using OPLS-DA and receiverââ?¬â??operator characteristic curves (ROC). Multivariate statistical diagnostics\r\nyielded the 19 potential biomarkers for SK and NC, 31 for CK and NC, and 8 for CK and SK with area under the\r\ncurve (AUC) values. Our results showed the potential biomarkers from CK, SK, and NC, including carbohydrates, fatty\r\nacids, amino acids, even sitosterol and vitamin E isomers, etc. 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid and cis-9-hexadecenoic\r\nacid were closely associated with metabolic perturbations in ketosis as Glc, BHBA and NEFA for dealing with\r\nmetabolic disturbances of ketosis in clinical practice. However, further research is needed to explain changes of\r\n2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid, a-aminobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, sitosterol and\r\na-tocopherol in CK and SK, and to reveal differences between CK and SK.\r\nConclusion: Our study shows that some new biomarkers of ketosis from plasma may find new metabolic changes to\r\nhave clinically new utility and significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of ketosis in the future.
Loading....